The Violence Initiative: Beating a Dead Horse

"Furry muscles marching on
She thinks she's Kaiser Wilhelm
Figure it out, she's a good time fellow
She got a little fund to fight for Moneypenny's rights" -Tori Amos (Mr. Zebra)

"Frederick Goodwin, the head of the project, publicly compared inner-city youth to 'hyperagressive monkeys who kill each other [and] are also hypersexual.'" -Ikemoto (1996)

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Rutherford, Jane. "Juvenile justice caught between the exorcist and a clockwork orange." DePaul L. Rev. 51 (2001): 715.
["The Protestant ethic combined notions of predestination with a strong work ethic. Because hard work could generate wealth in some cases, wealth came to be seen as evidence of diligence. Conversely, poverty came to be associated with shiftlessness. Consequently, some Calvinists believe that evidence of God's grace may be reflected in the wealth and status of the individual. Hence, poor children may have been purposely cast out from the possibility of heaven. Conveniently, these notions connecting wealth and status to God's grace could be used to explain and justify slavery, racism, and distinctions based on social class."]

Allen, Garland E. "Modern biological determinism: The Violence Initiative, the Human Genome Project, and the new eugenics." The practices of human genetics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. 1-23.

Stone, Richard. "HHS'violence initiative'caught in a crossfire." Science 258.5080 (1992): 212-213.
["Could there be link between genes and violent crime? Shouldn't scientists be free to investigate that possibility? But what if a link were established and the genes at fault turned out to be concentrated among members of a particular race? Could well-meaning government-sponsored research be misused? Could it even lead to a sort ofHolocaust-as nonviolent people who carry "violence genes" were rounded up and dosed with drugs to ensure that they remain harmless to their law-abiding neighbors? Such highly charged questions began flying thick and fast in the wake of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposal to hold a conference at the University of Maryland on genetic factors in crime-a conference that had to be canceled after an outcry from black politicians and academics, who thought the meeting could legitimize racist views of blacks as genetically prone to violent crime (Science, 11 September 1992, p. 1474)."]

Breggin, Peter R. "Campaigns against racist federal programs by the center for the study of psychiatry and psychology." Journal of African American Men 1.3 (1995): 3-22.

Taubes, Gary. "Violence epidemiologists test the hazards of gun ownership." Science 258.5080 (1992): 213-215.
["Beset by an epidemic of violence, citizens must rely on themselves for protection. Certainly Californians bought into this logic, to the tune of 58,311 firearms legally purchased in the month after the riots-the biggest month ever for California's gun dealers."]

Johnson, David. "The politics of violence research." Psychological Science 4.3 (1993): 131-133.
["President Nixon was fascinated with behavioral and social research and thought it might be useful in addressing national problems. Domestic unrest was much on his mind in the early 1970s, with protests against the war in Vietnam an everyday occurrence. Nixon recognized the potential of these sciences to help control violence by eradicating it at its source. If individuals at high risk of engaging in antisocial behaviors later in life could be identified in infancy or early childhood, then it might be possible to intervene early to, in effect, rewrite their future. The White House announced plans for such an early identification and treatment program."]

Candotti, Ennio, and Cesar Farias. "NIH, under fire, freezes grant for conference on genetics and crime." Nature 358 (1992): 30.

Holden, Constance. "Health official falls, lands in NIMH." Science 255.5049 (1992): 1207-1207.
["Under attack by 26 black congressmen, Representative John Dingell (D-MI), and Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA) for remarks comparing the behavior of inner-city youth to that of male primates, psychiatrist Frederick K. Goodwin has resigned as head of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA). But Goodwin's superiors were willing to bend only so far to congressional wrath: Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis Sullivan, asserting his "complete confidence in Dr. Goodwin's scientific integrity and commitment to equality," promptly appointed him director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)."]

Rose, Steven. "The rise of neurogenetic determinism." Nature 373.6513 (1995): 380-382.
["Neurogenetic determinism claims to explain everything - from violence in the streets to sexual orientation - in terms of properties of the brain or genes. These claims draw on the explosion of new genetic and neuroscientific techniques, but reflect a much older reductionist fallacy. This article analyses a sequence of falsely taken reductive steps and examines their consequences for both biological and social thinking."]

Roberts, Dorothy E. "The Value of Black Mothers' Work." Conn. l. rev. 26 (1993): 871.

Ikemoto, Lisa C. "Racialization of Genomic Knowledge, The." Seton Hall L. Rev. 27 (1996): 937.

Dula, Annette. "African American suspicion of the healthcare system is justified: what do we do about it?." Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics 3.3 (1994): 347-357.
["Although these are contemporary statements, African American suspicion of the medical profession has a long history. From slavery times to the present, U.S. descendants of Africa have harbored a justified mistrust of medicine and medical research. It cannot be simply written off as paranoia or hypersensltivity, with incredulous remarks such as "How can they believe something like that?" In this paper, I examine sources of mistrust, using historical and contemporary examples. I discuss three factors that contribute to the distrust: 1) real abuses in experimentation, sickle cell screening, and involuntary sterilization,"]

Rembis, Michael A. "(Re) Defining disability in the ‘genetic age’: behavioral genetics,‘new’eugenics and the future of impairment." Disability & Society 24.5 (2009): 585-597.

Richters, John E. "Disordered views of aggressive children: A late 20th century perspective." Annals of the new york academy of sciences 794.1 (1996): 208-223.

*Russell, Katheryn K. "Development of a black criminology and the role of the black criminologist." Just. Q. 9 (1992): 667.

Pennell, Brandi. "Industrialized Violence: The Origins of Genocide." (2000).

Roberts, Dorothy E. "Crime, race, and reproduction." Race, Law and Society. Routledge, 2017. 243-275.

Kilty, Keith M., and Elizabeth A. Segal. "Genetics and biological determinism: Scientific breakthrough or blaming the victim revisited?." Humanity & Society 20.3 (1996): 90-110.
["Blaming the victim has been a recurring explanation for social problems in this country and a justification for punitive social responses by those in power. Whether the problem was poverty, illiteracy, or racial unrest, some variant of biological determinism has frequently been used as a means for identifying why individuals are responsible for their social conditions. Once again the language of biological determinism is increasingly being used to justify punitive and hostile social policies toward the most disadvantages members of our society."]

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Note:

"Uppity Negro: A fearless black person who by social definition is “not in their place”"

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"1983 – Developed Los Angeles Police Department’s Tactical Intelligence Support Model and Terrorism Threat Analysis Program (Anti-Terrorist Division)." -MICHAEL R. HILLMANN, Deputy Chief of Police, Los Angeles Police Department

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Also see:

[Human Ecology]
[Equipotentiality (Morris I. Stein)]
[Environmental Stress-Trauma]
[MHCHAOS]
[Eugenics]
[Mental Hygiene]
[Race Hygiene]
[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics]
[Arbeitskraft (National Security)]
[Republicanism (vs. Monarchy)]
[Threat Assessment Management]
[Risk Management]
[Racial Profiling]
[Patriot Act]
[Disjunctive Concepts, (Attribute Reduction; Concept Attainment)]
[Pro-slavery Legislation]
[American Apartheid]

[Crimes of Personal Condition]
[Parens Patriae]
[Pro-slavery]
[Aggressive Idleness]
[Arbeitskraft (National Security)]

[[Los Angeles Police Department (TAM: ca 1993)]

Causes and Prevention of Gun Violence
https://archive.org/details/220203175011-tl-4p-kaitlan-collins-jake-tapper-live-00032803-exlarge-169_202202

Nazi Psychosis (Kraepelin, Nietzsche, Hitler)
https://archive.org/details/nazi-psychosis/kaplan2008/

BF Skinner and the technological control of social behavior
https://archive.org/details/b-f-skinner-and-the-technological-control-of-social-behavior

Rockefeller Foundation Annual Reports 1935~1948
https://archive.org/details/annual-report-1937-1/Annual-Report-1935-1/

International Eugenics Conference (plates)
https://archive.org/details/1194231805060112384-ejldeya-uuaa-4-knd

Repercussions of National Socialism upon Foreign Countries
https://archive.org/details/meyer1939_202203/page/27/mode/2up

Die sozialhygienischen Leistungen der deutschen Arbeiter-und Angestellten-Versicherung im Kriege und ihre Zukunftsaufgaben
https://archive.org/details/100169614x/page/483/mode/2up

Disposable children in black faces: The Violence Initiative as inner-city containment policy
https://archive.org/details/62-umkclrev-423/page/424/mode/2up

Harvard Cognition Project (Project Zero)
https://archive.org/details/bruner1947/

"The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information," (Miller 1956)
https://archive.org/details/miller1956_202204

Foundations of threat assessment and management
https://archive.org/details/2017-foundations-of-threat

International Handbook Of Threat Assessment
https://archive.org/details/international-handbook-of-threat-assessment

Soc Psych Of Terrorism (Internal Enemy Doctrine)
https://archive.org/details/soc-psych-of-terrorism/HudsonRA1999_002_28feb22/

"Communist Propaganda," (Dombrowski & Pfister, 1964)
https://archive.org/details/dombrowski-and-pfister-1965/Communist%20prop/

Gini coefficient: attitudes to social inequality, and relative deprivation
https://archive.org/details/dorfman1979/dorfman1979/

TNA-000-A, (Bronx Project): Social-Relational Aggression
https://archive.org/details/tn-a-000-a/TnA_003_A/

A Study of Thinking
https://archive.org/details/img-0922

Cotton King: The (post-bellum,) Proslavery Movement in the United States
https://archive.org/details/vagrancy_pers_cond/deutsch1944_2a/

Wrye, J. (2012). Boss and Worker: An Active-Learning Exercise in Exploitation and Class Antagonism. College Teaching, 60(4), 140–146. doi:10.1080/87567555.2012.65483

Green Series - NT War Criminals Vol VII (Medical Crimes)
https://archive.org/details/nt-nazi-vol-i/

Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Viking Press, 1964. 

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Vagrancy & Poor Laws
https://archive.org/details/vagrancy_poor_laws/11_70YaleLJ1_November1960_/

Parens Patriae: Nanny State
https://archive.org/details/parens_patriae/blustein1983/

David Klingaman: Cotton King (Grain Trade, Food Surplus, Labor, Inflation)
https://archive.org/details/klingaman_david_am_econ/gallaway1997/

Runaway Slaves: Disability, Pirates and Fugitives
https://archive.org/details/hunt-kennedy2019/hunt-kennedy2019/

Race War: The Promised Land & Aryan Cowboys
https://archive.org/details/race-war_202401/fryer2005/

The Blacklist: Lena Horne & Friends
https://archive.org/details/lena-horne-civil-rights

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Mentally Peculiar, Feeble Minded, and Backward
https://archive.org/details/ralston_hygiene/goethe_Inkwell1939/

British Crown: Mental Hygiene & Eugenics
https://archive.org/details/kate-middleton-4-nov-23/nypost_crown_mental-health_promo_4NOV23/

Arbeitskräfte als Kriegsbeute 1939-1945,  ["...forced labor recruitment in Ukraine"]
https://archive.org/details/arbeitskraft_alsKriegsbeute/baum1939_de/